we will make them happy. （形容词） we found nobody in. ( 副词 )
please make yourself at home. 介词短语） don’t let him do that. （省to不定式）
his father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式）
don’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词） i’ll have my bike repaired. （过去分词）
主补：对主语的补充。
he was elected monitor. she was found singing in the next room.
he was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.
定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
ai yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词） he is our friend. （代词）
we belong to the third world. （数词） he was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词）
the man over there is my old friend.(副词) the woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)
the boys playing football are in class 2. （现在分词）
the trees planted last year are growing well now. （过去分词）
i have an idea to do it well. （不定式）
you should do everything that i do. （定语从句）
状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。 表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。
（以下例句按上述顺序排列）
i will go there tomorrow. the meeting will be held in the meettingroom.
the meat went bad because of the hot weather. he studies hard to learn english well.
he didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. i like some of you very much.
if you study hard, you will pass the exam. he goes to school by bike.
though he is young, he can do it well.
句子结构
简单句的五个基本句型
主语 ＋ 不及物动词 she came．/ my head aches.
主语 ＋ 及物动词 ＋宾语 she likes english.
主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋主语补语 she is happy．
主语 ＋ 双宾动词 ＋间接宾语 ＋直接宾语 she gave john a book．
she bought a book for me.
主语 ＋ 宾补动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补语 she makes her mother angry．
the teacher asked me to read the passage.
（ there +be there lies a book on the desk. ）