句式多样化是对一篇好的文章的基本要求。要做到这一点,首先要对英语句子有充分的了解。英语句子种类很多,句法结构丰富多彩。通常可以按照以下标准对英语句子进行分类:
1.根据使用目的的不同,将句子分为陈述句,疑问句,祈使句和感叹句。
(1)陈述句说明一个事实或是陈述说话人的看法。例如:
A. He must have finished his homework.
B. She is a diligent student.
(2)疑问句提出问题。例如:
A. Does she know English?
B. What did you do last night?
(3)祈使句用来表示请求,命令,叮嘱,邀请,劝告等。例如:
A. Have a cup of tea.
B. Don`t smoke.
(4)感叹句表示说话时的惊讶,喜悦,气愤等情绪。例如:
A. What an interesting film!
B. How beautiful it is!
2.根据语法结构的不同,将句子分为简单句,并列句,复合句以及并列复合句。
(1)如果一个句子只有一个主谓结构,这个句子是简单句。例如:
A. She has finished her homework.
B. Both my brother and sister are teachers.
(2)如果一个句子包含两个或两个以上的互不依从的主谓结构,这个句子是并列句。并列句中的两个或两个以上的主谓结构通常由逗号和并列连词来连接。例如:
A. Honey is sweet, but the bee stings.
B. Type O is the most common blood type in the world, and type AB is the rarest.
(3)如果一个句子包含两个或两个以上的主谓结构,其中一个或一个以上的主谓结构充当另一个主谓结构中的某一(些)成分,如主语,宾语,定语等,该句为复合句。例如:
A. Because the luxury liner was traveling so fast, it was impossible to avoid the ghostly looking iceberg.
C. Some people say that it may result in some social problems in the future.
(4)当一个并列句中的一个(或更多的)主谓结构中包含有一个(或更多的)主谓结构时,这种句子为并列复合句。例如:
A. He was watching me or something for an hour or two, drawing back the curtain so little lest I catch him, but I saw his face, and I think I can see the anxiety upon it, the worried impatience.
B. I have brought what you need, but you haven`t brought what I need.
3.根据不同的修辞功能,句子可分为松散句,圆周句,对偶句,平行结构句,长句和短句。
(1)松散句和圆周句。